Nicotinamide riboside (NR) is a form of vitamin B3 and a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a crucial coenzyme in cellular metabolism. NR functions through a two-step and a three-step pathway to synthesize NAD+, which is essential for various oxidation/reduction reactions and ATP production in cells.
Initially identified as a growth factor for Haemophilus influenzae in 1944, NR was later recognized as an NAD+ precursor in eukaryotes, playing a significant role in the salvage pathway of NAD+ synthesis. This pathway bypasses the traditional routes from nicotinic acid (NA) and nicotinamide (NAM), offering a more direct method for NAD+ production.
Research indicates that NR is naturally present in cow and human milk and is rapidly phosphorylated by nicotinamide riboside kinases (NRK1 and NRK2) to form nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), which is then converted to NAD+. The discovery of NR has opened new avenues for understanding NAD+ metabolism and its implications in health and disease.
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| Other Names | Nicotinamide riboside chloride, Nicotinamide ribose chloride, 8XM2XT8VWI |
|---|---|
| IUPAC Name | 1-[(2R, 3R, 4S, 5R)-3, 4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyridin-1-ium-3-carboxamide;chloride |
| CAS | 23111-00-4 |
| Molecular Weight | 290.7 |
| Molecular Formula | C11H15ClN2O5 |
| SMILES | C1=CC(=C[N+](=C1)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)C(=O)N.[Cl-] |


